![]() ![]() Artists have depicted the physical torture of slavery in countless images, such as “Slave Lynching” by Claude Clark (1915–2001). The narratives also comment on the emotional pain of parents, children, and spouses, forced to watch their kin being beaten. ![]() Every ex-slave narrative includes scenes of physical torture inflicted by owners (female as well as male), overseers, and fellow slaves forced to administer their masters’ punishments. ![]() But beating continued, causing slaves’ most catastrophic physical and psychological trauma. Assaults on the bodies and minds of the enslaved exposed them to trauma that was both physical and psychological.īy the end of the eighteenth century, branding, amputation, and other extremely brutal forms of punishment became rare as means of controlling slaves. Nonetheless, slavery was a dehumanizing institution. Slaves retained their humanity thanks to the support of families and religion, which helped them resist oppression. The following is an excerpt from Creating Black Americans: African American History and Its Meanings, 1619 to the Present by Nell Irvin Painter. ![]()
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